KAPITANA (Stem Bark)
Kapitana consists of stem bark of Thespesia populnea (L.) Soland. ex Correa syn. Hibiscus populneus Linn. (Fam. Malvacem), a fast growing, medium-sized evergreen tree, upto 10 m tall with yellow, cup-shaped flowers having maroon centre and distributed throughout coastal forests of India and also largely grown as a roadside tree.
SYNONYMS
Sanskrit : Parisah, Kandarala, Phalisah, Gardabhandah
Assamese : —
Bengali : Gajashundi, Paraasapipula
English : Portia tree, Umbrella tree
Gujrati : Paaraspipalo
Hindi : Paaraspipal
Kannada : Huvarasi
Kashmiri : —
Malayalam : Punavasu, Pupparutti
Marathi : Parasa pimpala
Oriya : —
Punjabi : —
Tamil : Chilanti, Punarasu
Telugu : Ganyaraavi, Munigangaraavi
Urdu : —
DESCRIPTION
a) Macroscopic
Bark occurs in flat to slightly curved pieces, varying in thickness according to age and parts of tree from where it is taken; external surface rough due to numerous irregularly scattered lenticels, fissured, exfoliating in irregular scales, greyish-brown; inner surface, laminated, foliaceous, reddish-brown; fracture, fibrous; no characteristic odour; taste, astringent.
b) Microscopic
Shows outer exfoliating layer in hard, woody, older barks; cork cells, thin-walled, 10 to 20 layered, rectangular; cortex many layered, outer cortex consisting of closely packed, small, polygonal cells, inner cortex composed of large, rectangular to polygonal cells; bast fibres, abundant in groups, outer groups radially elongated and inner tangentially; medullary rays of two types, narrow, uni to triseriate of slightly elongated rectangular cells and wide, multiseriate, irregularly arranged; large ducts in cortex filled with yellow to orange contents; yellow inclusions present in the cells of outer cortex; rosette calcium oxalate crystals scattered in cortex and medullary rays; starch grains, simple or compound in phloem region.
Powder -Reddish-brown; shows stratified cork tissue, numerous fibres in groups with narrow lumen and bluntly pointed ends; phloem parenchyma cells with large single rosette calcium oxalate crystal; starch grains, simple to 2 or 3 compound; hilum, distinct.
IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH
Foreign matter Not more than 2 per cent, Appendix 2.2.2.
Total Ash Not more than 13 per cent, Appendix 2.2.3.
Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 2 per cent, Appendix 2.2.4.
Alcohol-soluble extractive Not less than 3 per cent, Appendix 2.2.6.
Water-soluble extractive Not less than 2 per cent, Appendix 2.2.7.
T.L.C.
T.L.C. of the alcoholic extract on precoated silica gel ‘G’ plate (0.2 mm thick) using chloroform : methanol : formic acid (100:2.5:1) shows spots at Rf. 0.12 (brown), 0.18 (brown), 0.29 (brown) and 0.61 (reddish when hot turns yellowish on cooling) on spraying with vanillin-sulphuric acid reagent and heating the plate at 105oC for about ten minutes.
CONSTITUENTS – Flavonoids, steroids and sesquiterpenoidal quinines.
PROPERTIES AND ACTION
Rasa : Kasaya
Guna : Laghu, Ruksa
Virya : Sita
Vipaka : Katu
Karma : Sukrala, Kaphahara, Medohara, Pittahara, Stambhana, Vatahara, Mutrasangrahaniya, Sandhaniya, Sangrahi, Bhagnasandhanakrta, Pumsavanam
IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS – Nyagrodhadi Kvatha Curna
THERAPEUTIC USES – Sotha, Daha, Dadru, Kandu, Prameha, Raktapitta, Raktavikara, Trsa, Vrana, Yoniroga, Medoroga, Tvakroga, Balavisarpa, Pama
DOSE – 100 ml kvatha.
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